Section+5+d

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= Industrial manufacture of chemicals = **In this section you will be assessed on your ability t** ** o ** 5.22 understand that nitrogen from air, and hydrogen from natural gas or the cracking of hydrocarbons, are used in the manufacture of ammonia 5.23 describe the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process, including the essential conditions: a temperature of about 450°C, a pressure of about 200 atmospheres and an iron catalyst 5.24 understand how the cooling of the reaction mixture liquifies the ammonia produced and allows the unused hydrogen and nitrogen to be recirculated 5.25 describe the use of ammonia in the manufacture of nitric acid and fertilisers = Section notes =
 * 5.26 recall the raw materials used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid**
 * 5.27 describe the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the contact process, including the essential conditions:** **a temperature of about 450 °C, a pressure of about 2 atmospheres and vanadium(V) oxide catalyst**
 * 5.28 describe the use of sulphuric acid in the manufacture of detergents, fertilisers and paints**
 * 5.29 describe the manufacture of sodium hydroxide and chlorine by the electrolys is of concentrated sodium chloride solution (brine) in a diaphragm cell**
 * 5.30 write ionic half-equations for the reactions at the electrodes in the diaphragm cell**
 * 5.31 describe important uses of sodium hydroxide, including the manufacture of bleach, paper and soap; and of chlorine, including sterilising water supplies and in the manufacture of bleach and hydrochloric acid.**

= Textbook = = Resources =
 * Chapter 16 pages 133 to 138

Animations
[|Haber process] [|Haber simulation] this animation allows you to investigate the effect of pressure and temperature changes. Decide how you will investigate the effect of changing temperature and the effect of changing pressure on the yield of ammonia. Draw results tables, do the simulation, record the data and draw conclusions. Graphs showing effect of changes on yield of ammonia: [|ammonia yield] [|BBC bitesize animation effect changing temp/pressure on yield ammonia] [|nitrogen from liquid air] [|Contact process] [|Animation of diaphragm cell]

Revision
[|Haber crossword] [|chemguide Haber] [|chemguide contact process] [|chemguide diaphragm cell]