properties+of+common+elements

back to IGCSE

diatomic molecules; pop test || diatomic molecules || graphite: dull, grey solid/conducts very high melting and boiling points; giant covalent structure || || O  || Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas/ slightly denser than air; 21% of air; diatomic molecules; relights glowing splint || - red, relatively unreactive powder || diatomic molecules ||
 * **element** ||  **Ar**  ||  **symbol**  ||  **properties**  ||
 * hydrogen || 1  ||  H  || Colourless, tasteless, odourless gas/ less dense than air;
 * helium || 2  ||  He  || Colourless, tasteless and inert gas/ less dense than air;
 * lithium || 3  ||  Li  || Soft, silvery metal, reactive/ low density/ stored under oil; less reactive than sodium ||
 * beryllium || 4  ||  Be  || Hard, silvery-white metal ||
 * boron || 5  ||  B  || Dark brown powder, non-metal, reactive ||
 * carbon || 6  ||  C  || diamond: very hard, colourless, reflects/refracts light
 * nitrogen || 7  ||  N  || Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas/ slightly less dense than air; 78% of air; unreactive because of triple covalent bond; diatomic molecules ||
 * oxygen || 8
 * fluorine || 9  ||  F  || Pale yellow gas/ irritating smell/ poisonous; diatomic molecules; most reactive halogen ||
 * neon || 10  ||  Ne  || Colourless, tasteless, odourless, inert gas; monatomic ||
 * sodium || 11  ||  Na  || Soft, silvery-white metal/ low density/ very reactive/ stored under oil; less reactive than potassium ||
 * magnesium || 12  ||  Mg  || Silvery-white relatively soft metal ||
 * aluminium || 13  ||  Al  || Hard, strong but low density, bluish-white metal/ oxide layer prevents it from reacting with air and water/ good conductor ||
 * silicon || 14  ||  Si  || Dark-grey solid/ very high melting and boiling points ||
 * phosphorus || 15  ||  P  || Allotropes: - white-yellowish soft waxy / extremely reactive
 * sulphur || 16  ||  S  || Most of the time: pale yellow, brittle crystalline solid/ reactive ||
 * chlorine || 17  ||  Cl  || Greenish-yellow, dense, poisonous gas/ moderately soluble in water/ very reactive/ diatomic ||
 * argon || 18  ||  Ar  || Colourless, odourless, inert gas/ monatomic ||
 * potassium || 19  ||  K  || Soft, silvery-white metal/ low density/ very reactive; stored under oil ||
 * calcium || 20  ||  Ca  || Relatively soft, silvery-white metal/ reactive with air and water ||
 * bromine || 35  ||  Br  || Deep red, dense, sharp smelling, poisonous liquid/ very reactive;
 * iodine || 53  ||  I  || Grey/black shiny solid/ very volatile/ vapour is unpleasant and poisonous/ diatomic molecules – least reactive halogen ||