Section+4

back to IGCSE chemistry **Acids, alkalis and salts** 4.1 describe the use of the indicators litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange to distinguish between acidic and alkaline solutions 4.2 understand how the pH scale, from 0–14, can be used to classify solutions as strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly alkaline or strongly alkaline 4.3 describe the use of universal indicator to measure the approximate pH value of a solution 4.4 define acids as sources of hydrogen ions, H+, and alkalis as sources of hydroxide ions, OH ̄ 4.5 predict the products of reactions between dilute hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids; and metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates (excluding the reactions between nitric acid and metals) 4.6 recall the general rules for predicting the solubility of salts in water: i all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble ii all nitrates are soluble iii common chlorides are soluble, except silver chloride iv common sulfates are soluble, except those of barium and calcium v common carbonates are insoluble, except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium 4.7 describe experiments to prepare soluble salts from acids 4.8 describe experiments to prepare insoluble salts using precipitation reactions 4.9 describe experiments to carry out acid-alkali titrations = Section notes =
 * In this section you will be assessed on your ability to**

**Investigations** = Resources =
 * Reactions of acids[[file:Reactions of acids.pdf]] || Making salts method 1[[file:precipitating salts.pdf]] ||
 * Making salts method 2[[file:preparation of copper sulphate.pdf]] || Making salts method 3[[file:Titration making sodium chloride.pdf]] ||

Textbook

 * Chapter 9: pages 70- 79
 * Chapter 10: pages 81 - 88

Interactive
= Revision = [|quiz on reactions of acids and flash cards]
 * GCSE BBC bitesize: [|acids and bases] and also [|making salts]
 * [|echalk]
 * simple animation on pH, indicators and neutralization: [|acids and alkalis]
 * excellent but not so simple animation on [|acid alkali titration]
 * [|neutralization animation]
 * [|titration]
 * [|excess base method]